Alzheimer’s disease (AD): risk factors

Evidence-based neurology checklist on alzheimer’s disease (ad): risk factors: Non-modifiable risk factors Age Fewer years of education Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE4) allele GGA3 gene deletion or variants Lifestyle risk factors Medical risk factors Metabolic risk factors Drug-related risk…

Non-modifiable risk factors

  • Age
  • Fewer years of education
  • Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE4) allele
  • GGA3 gene deletion or variants

Lifestyle risk factors

Medical risk factors

Metabolic risk factors

Drug-related risk factors

Proposed microbial risk factors

Iatrogenic Alzheimer’s disease

Risk factors for accelerated cognitive decline

Unlikely risk factors

References

  1. Barnes DE, Yaffe K. The projected effect of risk factor reduction on Alzheimer's disease prevalence. Lancet Neurol 2011; 10:819-828.
  2. Xu W, Tan L, Wang HF, et al. Meta-analysis of modifiable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. JNNP 2015; 86:1299-1306.
  3. Lindsay J, Laurin D, Verreault R, et al. Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease: a prospective analysis from the Canadian study of health and aging. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 156:445-453.
  4. Lomoio S, Willen R, Kim W, Ho KZ, et al. Gga3 deletion and a GGA3 rare variant associated with late onset Alzheimer's disease trigger BACE1 accumulation in axonal swellings. Sci Transl Med 2020; 12:eaba1871.
  5. Pase MP, Himali JJ, Beiser AS, et al. Sugar- and artificially sweetened beverages and the risks of incident stroke and dementia: a prospective cohort study. Stroke 2017; 48:1139-1146.
  6. And 38 more. Subscribe to see the full list

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