Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection: long COVID

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection: long COVID. Persistent COVID symptoms beyond four weeks of onset. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Definitions

  • Persistent COVID symptoms beyond four weeks of onset
  • Delayed or long-term COVID complications beyond four weeks

Proposed mechanisms

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Central neurological features

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Peripheral neurological features

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Psychiatric features

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Cardiorespiratory features

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Systemic features

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Management

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Prevention

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Investigational treatment: stellate ganglion block: indications

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Synonyms

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References

  1. Nalbandian A, Sehgal K, Gupta A, et al. Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Nat Med 2021; 27:601-615.
  2. Llach CD, Vieta E. Mind long COVID: Psychiatric sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2021; 49:119-121.
  3. Sekendiz Z, Caliendo M, Taboada D, et al. The neuropsychiatric features of Long COVID in older adults and the potential association with neuroinflammation: preliminary observations in a small cohort. J Neurol Sci 2026; 486:125915.
  4. The Lancet Neurology. Long COVID: understanding the neurological effects. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:247.
  5. Oaklander AL, Mills AJ, Kelley M, et al. Peripheral neuropathy evaluations of patients with prolonged long COVID. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2022; 9:e1146. 
  6. And 5 more. Subscribe to see the full list

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