Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): neurological features

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD): neurological features. Delayed walking: beyond 18 months, Waddling gait. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Mobility and gait

  • Delayed walking: beyond 18 months
  • Waddling gait
  • Toe walking
  • Frequent falls
  • Difficulty rising from the floor
  • Wheelchair dependence by about 10 years
  • Acute illness-associated weakness (AIAW)

Neuromuscular features

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Cognitive and psychiatric features

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Epilepsy

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References

  1. Manzur AY, Kinali M, Muntoni F. Update on the management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Arch Dis Child 2008; 93:986-990.
  2. Manzur AY, Muntoni F. Diagnosis and new treatments in muscular dystrophies. JNNP 2009; 80:706-714.
  3. Patten JP. Neurological Differential Diagnosis. 2nd edition. Springer New York 1996 p316.
  4. Carlson CR, McGaughey SD, Eskuri JM, Stephan CM, Zimmerman MB, Mathews KD. Illness-associated muscle weakness in dystroglycanopathies. Neurology 2017; 89:2374-2380. 
  5. Hendriksen JG, Vles JS. Neuropsychiatric disorders in males with duchenne muscular dystrophy: frequency rate of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Child Neurol 2008; 23:477-481. 
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