Klinefelter syndrome: management

Evidence-based neurology checklist on klinefelter syndrome: management: Blood tests Luteinising hormone (LH): this is raised Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH): this is raised Testosterone: this is low or low-normal Vitamin D Calcium Karyotyping: indications Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)…

Blood tests

  • Luteinising hormone (LH): this is raised
  • Follicular stimulating hormone (FSH): this is raised
  • Testosterone: this is low or low-normal
  • Vitamin D
  • Calcium

Karyotyping: indications

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain features

Other tests

Annual monitoring assessments and tests

Treatment

References

  1. Zitzmann M, Aksglaede L, Corona G, et al. European academy of andrology guidelines on Klinefelter syndrome. Endorsing Organization: European Society of Endocrinology. Andrology 2021; 9:145-167. 
  2. Groth KA, Skakkebæk A, Høst C, Gravholt CH, Bojesen A. Clinical review: Klinefelter syndrome-a clinical update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:20-30.
  3. Blevins CH, Wilson ME. Klinefelter’s syndrome.  BMJ 2012; 345:e7558.
  4. Coutinho E, Pereira JP, Dias D, et al. Tremor and white matter lesions in Klinefelter syndrome. Mov Disord. 2010; 25:1993-1994.
  5. Harlow TL, Gonzalez-Alegre P. High prevalence of reported tremor in Klinefelter syndrome. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2009; 15:393-395.
  6. And 3 more. Subscribe to see the full list

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