Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): CSF analysis
Evidence-based neurology checklist on neuromyelitis optica (nmo): csf analysis: CSF cells There is pleocytosis >50 cells/ cubic mm There is a high neutrophil count: this is unlike in multiple sclerosis (MS) CSF oligoclonal bands (OCBs) CSF aquaporin 4 antibodies CSF 14-3-3 protein
CSF cells
- There is pleocytosis >50 cells/ cubic mm
- There is a high neutrophil count: this is unlike in multiple sclerosis (MS)
CSF oligoclonal bands (OCBs)
CSF aquaporin 4 antibodies
CSF 14-3-3 protein
References
- Argyriou AA, Makris N. Neuromyelitis optica: a distinct demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Acta Neurol Scand 2008; 128:209-217.
- Palace J, Leite I, Jacob A. A practical guide to the treatment of neuromyelitis optica. Pract Neurol 2012; 12:209-214.
- Scott TF, Frohman EM, De Seze J, Gronseth GS, Weinshenker BG. Evidence-based guideline: clinical exaltation and treatment of transverse myelitis. Report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2011; 77:2128-2134.
- Majed M, Fryer JP, McKeon A, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ. Clinical utility of testing AQP4-IgG in CSF: guidance for physicians. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2016; 3:e231.
- Villacieros-Álvarez J, Sepulveda M, Valls-Carbó A, et al. Cerebrospinal 14-3-3 protein levels as a neuroaxonal biomarker in aquaporin-4 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2025; 12:e200432.
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Related checklists
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): cranial radiological features
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): spinal radiological features
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): differentials of LETM
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): radiological differential from MS
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): antibodies
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): other investigations
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): acute treatment
- Neuromyelitis optica (NMO): long-term immunosuppression treatment
