Ischaemic stroke: classification systems

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Ischaemic stroke: classification systems. Large artery atherosclerosis (LAA), Cardioembolism (CE). Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Trial of Org 10172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) 1993

  • Large artery atherosclerosis (LAA)
  • Cardioembolism (CE)
  • Small artery occlusion (SAO)
  • Stroke of other determined cause (SOC)
  • Stroke of undetermined cause (SUC)

Causative classification system (CCS) 2007

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Atherosclerosis, small-vessel disease, cardiac, other (A-S-C-O) 2009

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Chinese ischemic stroke subclassification (CISS) 2011

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References

  1. Furie KL, Kasner SE, Adams RJ, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2011; 42:227-276.
  2. Chen PH, Gao S, Wang YJ, Xu AD, Li YS, Wang D. Classifying ischemic stroke, from TOAST to CISS. CNS Neurosci Ther 2012; 18:452-456.
  3. Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LK, et al. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke: definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 1993; 24:35-41.
  4. Ay H, Benner T, Arsava EM, et al. A computerized algorithm for etiologic classification of ischemic stroke: the Causative Classification of Stroke System. Stroke 2007; 38:2979-2984.
  5. Amarenco P, Bogousslavsky J, Caplan LR, Donnan GA, Hennerici MG. New approach to stroke subtyping: the A-S-C-O (phenotypic) classification of stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 27:502-508.
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