Multiple system atrophy (MSA): investigations
Evidence-based neurology checklist on multiple system atrophy (msa): investigations: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): features Hot cross bun sign: this is sensitive for MSA-C Putaminal rim sign: increased putaminal iron in MSA-P Inferior cerebellar peduncle sign in MSA-C Reduced hypothalamic…
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): features
- Hot cross bun sign: this is sensitive for MSA-C
- Putaminal rim sign: increased putaminal iron in MSA-P
- Inferior cerebellar peduncle sign in MSA-C
- Reduced hypothalamic volume: on 3T MRI
Transcranial ultrasound
Other brain imaging
Cardiac MIBG scintigraphy scan
Sphincter electromyogram (EMG)
Bulbocavernosus reflex (BCR)
Optical coherence tomography (OCT): features
Other investigations
References
- Wenning GK, Stefanova N. Recent developments in multiple system atrophy. J Neurol 2009; 256:1791-1808.
- Mestre TA, Gupta A, Lang AE. MRI signs of multiple system atrophy preceding the clinical diagnosis: the case for an imaging-supported probable MSA diagnostic category. JNNP 2016; 87:443-444.
- Kikuchi Y, Shibata M, Hirayanagi K, Nagashima K, Mihara B, Ikeda Y. Putaminal iron deposition precedes MSA-P onset by 2 years. Neurology 2018; 90:1071-1072.
- Vodusek DB. How to diagnose MSA early: the role of sphincter EMG. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2005; 112:1657-1668.
- Goh YY, Saunders E, Pavey S, Rushton E, Quinn N, Houlden H, Chelban V. Multiple system atrophy. Pract Neurol 2023; 23:208-221.
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