Orbital apex syndrome

Evidence-based neurology checklist on orbital apex syndrome: Cranial nerves in the orbital apex Optic: this is spared in cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS) Oculomotor Trochlear Abducens Trigeminal: the first division Clinical features Inflammatory causes Infective causes Neoplastic causes Vascular…

Cranial nerves in the orbital apex

  • Optic: this is spared in cavernous sinus syndrome (CSS)
  • Oculomotor
  • Trochlear
  • Abducens
  • Trigeminal: the first division

Clinical features

Inflammatory causes

Infective causes

Neoplastic causes

Vascular causes

Other causes

Investigation

Synonyms

References

  1. Badakere A, Patil-Chhablani P. Orbital apex syndrome: a review. Eye Brain 2019; 11:63-72.
  2. Yeh S, Foroozan R. Orbital apex syndrome. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2004; 15:490-498.
  3. Arda H, Mirza E, Gumus K, Oner A, Karakucuk S, Sirakaya E. Orbital apex syndrome in herpes zoster ophthalmicus. Case Rep Opthalmol Med 2012; 2012:854503.
  4. Lama MK, Gurung P, Acharya S, Pandit RK, Sharma K, Pant B. Orbital apex syndrome caused by invasive aspergillosis in patient with post-covid-19 infection - a case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2023; 107:108306.
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