Parkinson’s disease (PD): protective factors
Evidence-based neurology checklist on parkinson’s disease (pd): protective factors: Lifestyle factors Smoking Coffee drinking Alcohol High cholesterol and fat diet High Vitamin E diet High β carotene diet Physical exercise Occupations Statins Anti-diabetic drugs Surgery
Lifestyle factors
- Smoking
- Coffee drinking
- Alcohol
- High cholesterol and fat diet
- High Vitamin E diet
- High β carotene diet
- Physical exercise
Occupations
Statins
Anti-diabetic drugs
Surgery
References
- Hernan MA, Takkouche B, Caamano-Isorna F, Gestel-Otero JJ. A meta-analysis of coffee drinking, cigarette smoking, and the risk of Parkinson's disease. Ann Neurol 2002; 52:276-284.
- Hong CT, Chan L, Bai CH. The effect of caffeine on the risk and progression of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:1860.
- Moccia M, Erro R, Picillo M, et al. Caffeine consumption and the 4-year progression of de novo Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 32:116-119.
- Zhao Y, Lai Y, Konijnenberg H, et al. Association of coffee consumption and prediagnostic caffeine metabolites with incident Parkinson disease in a population-based cohort. Neurology 2024; 102:e209201.
- Zhang D, Jiang H, Xie J. Alcohol intake and risk of Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Mov Disord 2014; 29:819-822.
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