Multiple sclerosis (MS): protective factors

Written and reviewed by Dr Ibrahim Imam, Consultant Neurologist. Last reviewed .

Multiple sclerosis (MS): protective factors. Trichuris trichuria, Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica. Fully referenced neurology checklist.

Helminthic infections

  • Trichuris trichuria
  • Schistosoma mansoni
  • Fasciola hepatica
  • Hymenolepis nana
  • Ascaris lumbricoides
  • Strongyloides stercolaris

Other infections

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Hormonal

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Other potential protective factors against MS

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

Potential protective factors against MS relapses

Locked: subscribe to see this section.

References

  1. Farez MF, Correale J. Immunizations and risk of multiple sclerosis: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol 2011; 258:1197-206. 
  2. Libbey JE, Cusick MF, Fujinami RS. Role of pathogens in multiple sclerosis. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 33:266-283. 
  3. Tanasescu R, Constantinescu CS. Helminth Therapy for MS. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2015; 26:195-220. 
  4. Dixit A, Tanaka A, Greer JM, Donnelly S. Novel therapeutics for multiple sclerosis designed by parasitic worms. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2141.Wendel-Haga M, Celius EG. Is the hygiene hypothesis relevant for the risk of multiple sclerosis? Acta Neurol Scand 2017; 136(Suppl 201):26-30.
  5. Pedrini MJ, Seewann A, Bennett KA, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection as a protective factor against multiple sclerosis risk in females. JNNP 2015; 86:603-607.
  6. And 22 more. Subscribe to see the full list

Related checklists

Loading...